| Estado | Nombre | Web | Grupo | Fecha de registro | Mensajes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GalenPu | Stratos | 2011-03-06 | |||
| galeydion189 | Stratos | 2011-04-08 | |||
| Galgga | Stratos | 2017-03-13 | |||
| GalILe69 | Stratos | 2011-12-22 | |||
| Galimay | Stratos | 2002-03-21 | |||
| Galiuk20 | Stratos | 2024-09-26 | |||
| galix85 | Stratos | 2017-02-07 | |||
| Gallardo | Stratos | 2011-09-29 | |||
| gallipoli | Stratos | 2008-12-29 | |||
| Gallo | Stratos | 2010-05-27 | |||
| gallo44 | Stratos | 2010-08-17 | |||
| galminana | Stratos | 2016-08-23 | |||
| Galo | Stratos | 2012-08-08 | |||
| galones | Stratos | 2024-10-17 | |||
| galperwat | Stratos | 2011-07-19 | |||
| Galynet | Stratos | 2010-05-06 | |||
| gAlyssaRogersb | Stratos | 2011-04-05 | |||
| gama | Stratos | 2023-06-28 | |||
| gamashiro | Stratos | 2017-12-05 | |||
| Gambapaketera | Stratos | 2005-11-22 | |||
| Gambus | Stratos | 2005-05-26 | |||
| Game artist plus UX, UI | Stratos | 2018-06-28 | |||
| game009bet | Stratos | 2025-05-17 | |||
| game1010onlinecom | Stratos | 2025-07-03 | |||
| game32wingroup | Stratos | 2025-07-03 | |||
| game337bet | Stratos | 2025-04-11 | |||
| game33wincom | Stratos | 2025-09-09 | |||
| game33winn01 | Stratos | 2025-04-21 | |||
| game600 | Stratos | 2025-07-16 | |||
| game71 | Stratos | 2025-08-30 |
 |
| ¡Bienvenido a Stratos! Acceder |